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=**Ancient Egyp****t**= Ancient Egypt was officially unified in 3100 B.C. Egypt is home to having one of the oldest civilizations on Earth. The name "Egypt comes from the Greek word Aegyptos, originally the name of the city of Memphis. Memphis was the original capital of Egypt. To Egyptians themselves, their country was known as Kemet, meaning "Black Land". This was for their rich soil along the Nile river. Egypt thrived for thousands of years (from c. 8000 BCE to c. 30 BCE) as an independent nation whose culture was famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science to technology and religion. Egyptian culture is its emphasis on the human experience. Their great monuments, tombs, temples, and art work all celebrate life and stand as reminders of what once was and what human beings, at their best, are capable of achieving. Although Egypt in popular culture is often associated with death and mortuary rites, something even in these speaks to people across the ages of what it means to be a human being and the power and purpose of remembrance. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt http://ancientegypt.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/
 * General background information about Ancient Egypt**

Egypt has one of the oldest known languages in the Afroasiatic family. Egyptian languages have found scriptures and recordings of the language all the back to 3400 BC. Egyptian has been spoken all the way back to the 17th century. The national modern-day language spoken in Egypt is Egyptian-Arabic. Egyptian-Arabic has slowly replaces the former language, which was known as Coptic. Coptic is still used in Coptic churches today, and there are still fluent speakers today.
 * Language **

The language survived until the 5th century AD in the form of Demotic and until the Middle Ages in the form of Coptic. It had a lifespan of over four millennia. Egyptian is one of the oldest recorded languages known. People (mainly scholars) have grouped Egyptian language into five divisions: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptlanguage.html
 * Archaic Egyptian**- Includes inscriptions from the late Predynastic and Early Dynastic period. The earliest evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphics appear on some pottery vessels.
 * Old** **Egyptian**- The Pyramid Texts are the largest fonted text in the literature. Tomb walls from the Egyptian times were written in Old Egyptian.
 * Middle Egyptian**- Variety of evidence in hieroglyphics and scripts from the Middle Kingdom.
 * Late Egyptian**- Contains a good amount of religious and secular language; Late Egyptian and Middle Egyptian are not too distinct from each other.
 * Coptic**- Last phase of the Egyptian language; The Coptic alphabet is slightly different from the Greek alphabet. Coptic lives today, only really used in the Coptic Churches.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-writings/hidden-hieroglyphs-ancient-egyptian-lost-language-006653

Art
Art from Ancient Egypt is thousands upon thousands years old. Most of the old art was displayed as sculptures and paintings. A large hunk of the Egyptian history is involved with art, keeping the history alive today. In Ancient Egypt, art refers to 3D and 2D, developed in Egypt around 3000 BC. Most of the Egyptian art lasted for 3000 years that represented ancient civilization. Art in Ancient Egypt usually displayed people, and nature that were deceased in the 'other world'. In the art, prettiness was lesser than completeness. In all of the thousands of years that Ancient Egyptian art lived, it all obeyed one law: they all represented man, nature and life itself. The environment of the art lived on for years, and left for an inspiration for many artists.

** Symbolism of Art **
The symbolism of art was very important in Ancient Egypt. During this time period, many of the statues were created based off of gods and goddesses. Many art works were also made for Pharaoh's regalia. Animals were also of high praise in Ancient Egypt, so there were also many statues and dedications made for them. Another major component to symbolism is the colors the art works were done in. The color symbolized certain aspects of life. For instance, red represented vitality and power, yellow represented sun gods, and blue and green represented the Nile life. Fortunately, due to the dry climate in Egypt, the colors of the art works were well in tact. Art work from Ancient Egypt were also very lifelike. Paintings were also created to make the afterlife not so bad. http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptart.html

Religion
Religion in Ancient Egypt was very important to them. They were so important, that once you were bound to a religion you could not get out of it. The history of Ancient Egyptian religion is rooted all the way back, and it lasted 3,000 years. In the grand scheme of things, Ancient Egyptians believed in polytheism (with the exception of the Amarna Period, when King Ahenaten tried to practice monotheism). Throughout time, many gods and goddesses rose up to the surface. By the end of the time period, there were more than 700 gods and goddesses. Gods in Ancient Egypt were also created from myths. Mythology in Ancient Egypt was very popular. Many myths are created from components of nature, such as the sun and moon. Ancient Egypt also had many different creation myths on how the world first started. http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egypt-religion.html

In Ancient Egypt, sexual desires and permissiveness were never really depicted. Sex has never been an explicit thing for Ancient Egyptians, due to the fact that their art was on tombs. If there was artwork about any sexual deviancy, the act would be censored by drawings of animals to prove that they do not have prudeness. Even sexually, ancient Egyptians rely on sexual mythology. Sexual themes include sexual euphemisms. In ancient Egypt, there was no such thing as virginity. Both parties could be sexually open. There was a creation myth where the first god would initiate masterbation. There is a creation myth where the god would ejaculate into the Nile River, promoting fertility in the river. Many people would chew Acai gum, which was believed to unfertilize sperm. <- acai tree http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/10/23/ancient-egyptian-sexuality/
 * Sexual Permissiveness **

**Family Structure** Family structure in ancient Egypt was actually not that bazaar. In fact, families actually switched the gender norms. Women would attend markets and be employed, while the men would stay home and weave. Men tend to carry loads of stuff on their heads, while women carry them on their shoulders. They tended to eat outside, which was technically said to be done in private. Marriage papyrus Sculpture of a woman http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/2/21701778/
 * Marriage- ** once a boy was well into his adolescent life, it was suitable to find himself a wife. When marrying, there is a lot of pride in each others' family. Respect towards family members is a sign of maturity, and the fundamental duty of the eldest son. The marriage of men were average to be around 16-20 years old. The only requirement of marriage was to only be fully devoted to the person, and remain faithful. Premarital sex or virginity was not a thing back then. The term for marriage in ancient Egypt is literally translated into "to find a house". In legal documents, the only thing that changes is that both spouses own the property.
 * Divorce ** - while marriage was taken very seriously, divorce was also not uncommon. While it is a rather disappointment, either partner could file for a divorce. Women's right to file divorce was one of the main ways her rights got manifested.
 * Child-Bearing ** - The Egyptians clearly understood the meaning of reproduction, but their relationships were usually unclear. While they knew the basic functions of how to reproduce, they had many general assumptions. For example, the Egyptians knew that the testicles were a primary component to reproduction. However, they believed that the sperm was in the bones, and they just passed into the testicles. The test for gender of a child was also devised. There is also various scientific tests that could've been the start of tests for women's pregnancies.

**Sports** Sports in today's society has been practiced in ancient Egypt. Many of the ancient Egyptians actually set some of the standard rules that we know today. Many kings, princes and statesmen were known for going to many sports events. Many of the rules and regulations we commonly know today were actually started in ancient Egypt. They would choose a neutral referee, uniforms, and giving the winners of the event different, colorful collars. The following sports are some of the most commonly played in ancient Egypt: Hockey Gymnastics Boxing Javelin High Jump Archery Fishing and many more. Gymnastics, High Jump, Javelin http://www.touregypt.net/historicalessays/ancsportsc1.htm

Food for the Egyptians was dependent on your social status. For the rich, they have a different menu. The food for the common people was hardly adequate. The food for the rich, however, was something for the Gods. They got meat, vegetables, water fowls, wine, and fruit as part of their diet. But overall, the Egyptians never tended to over indulge, remaining incredibly fit. The cooking was a main part of their meal preparation. The cooking was done in clay ovens, as well as open fires. Charcoal and wood were used for fuel, even though there was little amount. They could prepare food in any way: baked, boiled, stewed, fried, grilled, or roasted. The people of Egypt would usually drink beer, or more rarely, wine. The utensils that they used in ancient Egypt were often found in their tombs, believe it or not. The utensils that were used were bowls, storage jars, ladles, whisks, etc. The dinner tables were similar to what we have today, having four legs. Oddly enough, most of the food was usually prepared on the floor. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/food.htm
 * Food Gathering / Production **

https://youtu.be/w8XA4fAQymw This video is a basic rundown of mummification and the funeral ritual. The video explains step-by-step how they preformed the act.
 * Videos: **

https://youtu.be/ZBiuJ40t4rk This video contains the explanation of how ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were created. It breaks down the meanings of the symbols, and how the words are formed with the symbols.